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Imprints of pandemic lockdown on subsurface water quality in the coastal industrial city of Tuticorin, South India: A revival perspective
Science of the Total Environment Số , năm 2020 (Tập 738, trang -)
ISSN: 489697
ISSN: 489697
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139848
Tài liệu thuộc danh mục: ISI, Scopus
Article
English
Từ khóa: Escherichia coli; Fisheries; Fluorine compounds; Groundwater; Image enhancement; Multivariant analysis; Principal component analysis; Sewage; Thermoelectric power plants; Water quality; Anthropogenic activity; Chemical and biologicals; Electrical conductivity; Environmental improvements; Multi variate analysis; Physico - chemical parameters; Rock water interaction; Total dissolved solids; Hydrochemistry; arsenic; cadmium; copper; fluoride; ground water; iron; lead; nitrate; selenium; surface water; zinc; heavy metal; biological analysis; chemical analysis; epidemic; groundwater; physicochemical property; surface water; water chemistry; water quality; Article; chemical parameters; coastal waters; coliform bacterium; controlled study; coronavirus disease 2019; demography; electric conductivity; Escherichia coli; fecal coliform; geographic distribution; human; India; industrial area; nonhuman; pandemic; pH; physical chemistry; priority journal; quarantine; sewage; Streptococcus; water quality; water sampling; Betacoronavirus; city; Coronavirus infection; environmental monitoring; virus pneumonia; water pollutant; water quality; India; Tamil Nadu; Tuticorin; Bacteria (microorganisms); Betacoronavirus; Cities; Coronavirus Infections; Environmental Monitoring; Escherichia coli; Humans; India; Metals, Heavy; Pandemics; Pneumonia, Viral; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water Quality
Tóm tắt tiếng anh
Globally, the incidences of environmental improvements owing to seizing the anthropogenic activities during the lockdown have been reported through news articles and photographs, yet a formal scholarly study has been lacking to substantiate the imprints of lockdown. We hereby present the imprints of lockdown on water quality (both chemical and biological) parameters during the nationwide lockdown (COVID-19 epidemic) in India between 25th March to 30th May 2020. The present study describes the changes in chemical and biological water quality parameters based on twenty-two groundwater samples from the coastal industrial city of Tuticorin in Southern India, taken before (10 and 11th February 2020) and during the lockdown (19 and 20th April 2020) periods. The physico-chemical parameters compared are pH, total dissolved solids (TDS) and electrical conductivity (EC), nitrate (NO3), fluoride (F), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), arsenic (As), and selenium (Se), and the bacterial parameters are total coliforms, fecal coliforms, E. coli, and fecal streptococci. Among the metals, the significant reductions in Se (42%), As (51%), Fe (60%) and Pb (50%) were noticed probably owing to no or very less wastewater discharges from metal-based industries, seafood-based industries and thermal power plants during the lockdown. Reduction in NO3 (56%), total coliform (52%) and fecal coliforms (48%) indicated less organic sewage from the fishing industries. Contents of Cr, Cu, Zn and Cd, however, remained similar and fluoride did not show any change, probably as they were sourced from rock-water interactions. Similarly, we did not observe alterations in E. coli and fecal streptococci due to no significant change in domestic sewage production during the lockdown. The multivariate analyses aptly illustrated this and the principal component analyses helped to identify the sources that controlled water qualities of the lockdown compared to the pre-lockdown period. Our observation implies that groundwater is definitely under active interaction with surface waters and thus a quick revival could be observed following the seizing of anthropogenic activities. � 2020 Elsevier B.V.
