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Soil fragmentation and aggregate stability as affected by conventional tillage implements and relations with fractal dimensions

Tagar A.A. Department of Farm Power and Machinery, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, 70060, Pakistan|
Bhayo W.A. | Soomro A.S. Department of Soil and Water Resources Engineering, Khairpur College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, 70060, Pakistan| Mashori A.S. Department of Soil and Water Resources, Khairpur College of Agriculture Engineering and Technology, Khairpur Mir's, Pakistan| Do M.C. Department of Land and Water Management, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, 70060, Pakistan| Memon M.S. Hue University of Agriculture and Forestry, Hue, Viet Nam| Adamowski J. Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec H9X3V9, Canada|

Soil and Tillage Research Số , năm 2020 (Tập 197, trang -)

ISSN: 1671987

ISSN: 1671987

DOI: 10.1016/j.still.2019.104494

Tài liệu thuộc danh mục: ISI, Scopus

Article

English

Từ khóa: Agricultural machinery; Agriculture; Fractal dimension; Fuel consumption; Size distribution; Soils; Stability; Aggregate size distributions; Aggregate stability; Conventional tillage; Mass fractal dimension; Mean weight diameter; Negative correlation; Positive correlations; Water stable aggregates; Aggregates; aggregate size; aggregate stability; clay loam; fractal analysis; fuel consumption; implementation process; sampling; size distribution; soil aggregate; soil degradation; soil organic matter; soil structure; tillage; vulnerability; wind erosion; Sind
Tóm tắt tiếng anh
Due to a lack of accurate information regarding soil aggregate size distribution and stability, farmers in Sindh, Pakistan often apply excessive tillage, creating an overly fine seedbed that can lead to the depletion of soil organic matter (SOM) and make the soil more vulnerable to wind and water erosion. The current paper investigates the effects of conventional tillage implements on soil fragmentation and aggregate stability, along with how these factors relate to fractal dimensions. The study aims to: (i) achieve a better understanding of soil structure and establish which tillage implement provides the best soil structure and (ii) determine the function that best describes the proportion of small aggregates in the soil. Six tillage treatments were studied, including: moldboard plough + disk harrow two passes (MPDH2), disk plough + cultivator two passes (DPC2), cultivator two passes (C2), cultivator four passes (C4), cultivator six passes (C6), and minimum tillage (disk harrow one pass) (MT) for a clay loam soil. At each of two depths (0-0.15 m and 0.16-0.30 m), four soil samples from randomly selected locations in each plot were collected (3 blocks × 6 tillage × 2 depths × 4 samples, n = 144) with the help of a soil auger. Aggregate size distribution was measured by a dry sieving method, and aggregate stability was determined by a wet sieving method. The correlations between mean weight diameter (MWD), mass fractal dimension (Dm), and soil aggregation were investigated. The greatest proportions of small aggregates and the lowest proportions of intermediate aggregates were found under DPC2 followed by C6, while a greater proportion of intermediate aggregates and a lower proportion of small aggregates was observed under MT. However large aggregates (>25 mm) were negligible across all treatments. The highest values of Dm were found after DPC2, while the highest values of MWD were found after MT. The highest proportion of water stable aggregates (WSA) was found under DPC2, while the lowest proportion was found under MPDH2 followed by MT. Similarly, aggregate stability was greatest under DPC2. Across all tillage implements, the highest fuel consumption was recorded under C6 followed by MPDH2, while the lowest occurred under MT. The Dm showed a negative correlation with intermediate aggregates (5.0–25.0 mm) and a positive correlation with small aggregates (<5.0 mm), while MWD had a positive correlation with intermediate aggregates (5.0–25.0 mm) and a negative correlation with small aggregates (<5.0 mm). Similarly, Dm was negatively correlated with MWD. This suggests that farmers should adopt the technique of using a disk plough followed by two passes of the cultivator to achieve the best possible seedbed conditions in a clay loam soil. Higher values of Dm and lower values of MWD may be used to quantify fine seedbeds, with the converse being preferable for quantifying coarse seedbeds. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.

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