The evolving SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Africa: Insights from rapidly expanding genomic surveillance

d (57217432692); Sayed ntre d’Infectiologie Charles Mérieux-Mali (CICM-Mali), Bamako, Mali|

Eduan (35182355200) | John (7005111716); Wilkinson | Richard (57203045192); Nkengasong | Christian (8319193600); Lessells | Tulio (8897715800); Happi | Sofonias K. (56481577000); de Oliveira | Yenew K. (57222241444); Tessema | Samuel O. (16686778200); Tebeje | Amadou A. (6701512394); Oyola | Pardis C. (6602480064); Sall | Oyewale (57887827600); Sabeti | Matshidiso (6506967008); Tomori | George (55165382700); Moeti | Anne (6602867903); Githinji | Ahmed E.O. (57492096100); von Gottberg | Zaydah R. (57190957784); Ouma | Yvan (56769876200); de Laurent | Yeshnee (57222073766); Butera | Yaw (57205044936); Naidoo | Yajna (57278310700); Bediako | Yahaya Ali (57669072900); Ramphal | Wonderful T. (57202196020); Ahmed | Wolfgang (7004338253); Choga | William K. (57209050162); Preiser | Wasim Abdul (57732662900); Ampofo | Wael H. (57188688662); Karim | Vivianne (57224953480); Roshdy | Vishvanath (7006070167); Gorova | Vincent (7801666642); Nene | Uwem E. (57194763307); Enouf | Upasana (57224949154); George | Ugwu (57322571300); Ramphal | Ugochukwu J. (57223416718); Chinedu | Trevor (7003593301); Anyaneji | Tongai G. (55321301800); Bedford | Tobias (56067135000); Maponga | Thirumalaisamy P. (16302666200); Schindler | Thanh (57218346921); Velavan | Thabo (57189903886); Le-Viet | Tapfumanei (57209105752); Mohale | Sylvie (7005851162); Mashe | Sylvie L. (57224948380); van der Werf | Sylvie (35331786800); Budiaki | Susan (56291708500); Behillil | Sureshnee (57197465106); Nabadda | Steven (55366815500); Pillay | Steve (36670888500); Rudder | Stephen (57221348005); Ahuka-Mundeke | Stephen F. (7006345825); Kanyerezi | Stephanie (57413027700); Schaffner | Soumeya (56606225300); van Wyk | Sophie (57224953261); Ouangraoua | Sonia (37085291300); Prosolek | Solène (24764475500); Lekana-Douki | Sobajo (57731911400); Grayo | Soa Fy (35772215500); Oguntope | Simbirie (56336986400); Andriamandimby | Simani (8891498400); Jalloh | Silvia (57223815915); Gaseitsiwe | Sikhulile (13407981700); Lutucuta | Siham (57230526200); Moyo | Side Mohamed (57917754300); Elhamoumi | Shymaa S. (57224947290); Ahmed | Sherihane (57222479465); Ahmed | Sheila (57194018304); Aryeetey | Seydou (14630333700); Makiala-Mandanda | Sarah Wambui (57733159100); Doumbia | Sara Hassan (54079424900); Mwangi | Sameh (57224952988); Agwa | Samar (57322813500); Trabelsi | Samar Kamal (7004242957); Metha | Salome (57213653419); Kassim | Salma (21234107800); Hosch | Saibu (57917713000); Mhalla | Sahra Isse (57397234400); Femi | Safietou (57322691100); Mohamed | Sacha (57917692800); Sankhe | Saber (7003473163); Bootsma | Saba (57192234889); Masmoudi | Rosina A.A. (57224951825); Gargouri | Rosemary A. (35588845600); Carr | Rosa Maria D.E.S.A. (57917670000); Audu | Robert A. (7005305429); Neto Rodrigues | Richmond (57220870985); Kingsley | Richard O. (7404241222); Gorman | Richard (8725019300); Phillips | Reuben (57201554539); Njouom | René G. (56736503000); Ayivor-Djanie | Ramy Karam (7003399135); Essomba | Rageema (57278310600); Aziz | Rabeh (36456637800); Joseph | Priscilla (57221346647); El-Shesheny | Pontiano (16211587900); Abechi | Placide K. (54796862000); Kaleebu | Phillip A. (35975611800); Mbala | Philippe (6506096992); Bester | Philip (8728878000); Dussart | Peter O. (8927883900); Bejon | Peter Kojo (53983006000); Okokhere | Paulo (55779211300); Quashie | Paul E. (57204504535); Arnaldo | Patrick (57221597830); Oluniyi | Patricia (57221347731); Semanda | Patrice (57224955632); Nabisubi | Pascale (6507124442); Combe | Pamela (57413576100); Ondoa | Ousmane (7006739058); Smith-Lawrence | Ope-Ewe (57917669900); Faye | Onwe E. (57211510235); Oludayo | Oluwatosin (57197865642); Ogah | Olusola A. (57213512404); Fakayode | Olumade (57323172800); Ogunsanya | Olubusuyi M. (57194148986); Testimony | Oladiji (57322932900); Adewumi | Okogbenin (57322691000); Femi | Ojide C. (36160553000); Sylvanus | Nwando (57200280181); Kingsley | Nosamiefan (57322569000); Mba | Norosoa H. (57216986375); Iguosadolo | Nokuzola (57194592000); Razanajatovo | Noël (8537883500); Mbhele | Nnennaya A. (8376120400); Tordo | Nnaemeka (57211520739); Ajayi | Nikita (57731406300); Ndodo | Nicole (22735265400); Sitharam | Nicksy (16315427800); Wolter | Nickson (57217873273); Gumede | Nicholas (56304109200); Murunga | Ngonda (54384315800); Bbosa | Ngiambudulu M. (56121053400); Saasa | Nelson Boricó (57224959077); Francisco | Hsiao (57952150000); Silochi | Nédio (55805012100); Nei-Yuan | Ndongo (57211111420); Mabunda | Ndeye Marieme (57732414400); Dia | Nancy (57465421300); Top | Nalia (51665387300); Elguindy | Nadir (57917754200); Ismael | Nadine (37124846400); Abuzaid | Nabil (36696021700); Rujeni | My V.T. (57733157700); Abid | Mushal (57189052381); Phan | Mulenga (36656112700); Allam | Mphaphi B. (6503867436); Mwenda | Mounerou (41961711700); Mbulawa | Mouhamed (57733157600); Salou | Mooko Marethabile (57732661400); Kane | Mohamed K. (57224957602); Matobo | Mohamed G. (57221337142); Khalifa | Mohamed Amine (57203973258); Seadawy | Mohamed (8983754500); Beloufa | Mitoha (57218938490); Abouelhoda | Mirabeau Y. (37091740000); Ondo’o Ayekaba | Michael R. (56684617200); Tatfeng | Michael (54584146300); Wiley | Maximillian G. (30567462700); Owusu | Maureen W. (57223811071); Mpina | Matoke-Muhia (57224952487); Mburu | Mathabo (35754557900); Damaris | Martin M. (55628503000); Mareka | Martin (9232482500); Nyaga | Marietou F. (57211531911); Faye | Marietjie (23490342000); Paye | Maria (57203899516); Venter | Mambu (36669119400); da Luz Lima Mendonça | Mamadou (57208855000); Momoh | Malebogo (57224170355); Diop | Maitshwarelo I. (6505764747); Kebabonye Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States| Maimouna (57733157500); Matsheka Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya| Mahmoud (36113442800); Mbanne Laboratory of Human Genetics, GIGA Research Institute, Liège, Belgium| Maha (23005147400); ElHefnawi Center for Human Genetics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda| Magalutcheemee (57213595817); Mastouri Yemaachi Biotech, Accra, Ghana| Madisa (57733157400); Ramuth Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa| Lynn (57202683135); Mine Department of Virology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana| Lynette I. (26633104300); Tyers Med24 Medical Centre, Ruwa, Zimbabwe| Lul Lojok (57731909900); Ochola-Oyier World Health Organization, WHO Lesotho, Maseru, Lesotho| Lul Deng (57917773800); Deng Sub-Saharan African Network For TB/HIV Research Excellence (SANTHE), Durban, South Africa| Luicer (57413027400); Ojok Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States| Lucious (57731881600); Olubayo Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research, Hanoi, Viet Nam| Leonardo (18436304900); Chabuka World Health Organization, Harare, Zimbabwe| Leon (49460889200); de Oliveira Martins National Reference Center for Respiratory Viruses, Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses, UMR 3569 CNRS, Université Paris Cité, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France| Lenora M. (57221715646); Biscornet National Institute of Public Health of Burkina Faso (INSP/BF), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso| Lavanya (57196601557); Kepler Centre MURAZ, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso| Lamia (6507745675); Singh Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States| Kwabena O. (37101367200); Fki-Berrajah Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Lab, LR16SP02, National Center of Pharmacovigilance, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia| Kunda G. (54895375500); Duedu University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland| Koussay (7005168819); Musonda Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia| Khadija Said (57207756991); Dellagi National Public Health Reference Laboratory (NPHRL), Mogadishu, Somalia| Kevin S. (57732910700); Mohammed Ponto focal para Melhoria da qualidade dos Laboratórios (SLIPTA) ao nível de São Tomé e Príncipe, Sao Tome and Principe| Kefentse A. (56246325800); Carvalho Coordenadora da rede do Diagnóstico Tuberculose, HIV/COVID-19 na Instituição - Laboratório Nacional de Referência da Tuberculose em São Tomé e Príncipe, Sao Tome and Principe| Kayode T. (57732661300); Tumedi Virology Service, Centre Pasteur of Cameroun, Yaounde, Cameroon| Kathleen (6602488818); Adeyemi Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroon| Katherine J. (50061978400); Victoir National Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Public Health of Cameroon, Yaoundé, Cameroon| Justin (24767991700); Siddle Microbiology and Immunology Research Program, Children’s Cancer Hospital Egypt, Cairo, Egypt| Juma J.H. (56866425400); O’Grady Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt| Julius J. (57189081542); Mogga Infectious Hazards Preparedness, World Health Organization, Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office, Cairo, Egypt| Julia C. (57224946520); Lutwama Division of Virology, National Health Laboratory Service, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa| Judith U. (57204497289); Andeko Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, Ambrose Alli University, Edo State, Ekpoma, Nigeria| Joyce (57210159816); Oguzie Immunology and Molecular Biology, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda| Joyce M. (57191977862); Namulondo The African Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Data-Intensive Sciences, The Infectious Diseases Institute, Kampala, Uganda| Joweria (57221690638); Ngoi Mayotte Hospital Center, Mayotte, France| Josie (57277162900); Nakaseegu Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria| Joseph (57702552400); Everatt Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Kwara State, Ilorin, Nigeria| Joseph H.K. (55348248900); Nyandwi Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Ilorin, Nigeria| Joseph F. (35749182600); Bonney Virology Laboratory, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria| Jones (57196746823); Wamala Institut Pasteur de Guinée, Conarky, Guinea| Joicymara S. (57732661200); Gyamfi Internal Medicine Department, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria| Johnson C. (57217042615); Xavier Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia| John T. (25724396300); Okolie Instituto Nacional de Saúde (INS), Marracuene, Mozambique| John O. (7003967619); Kayiwa Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Omdurman Islamic University, Sudan| John M. (57207847069); Gyapong School of Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda| John K. (24765405900); Morobe Rwanda National Joint Task Force COVID-19, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Ministry of Health, Kigali, Rwanda| John (55630361900); Odoom High Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Rue Taher Haddad, Monastir, 5000, Tunisia| John D. (57191491647); Huddleston Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates| Jocelyn (6504542530); Sandi Laboratoire Biolim FSS, Université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo| Joana (57211988255); Kiconco Molecular Pathology Lab, Children’s Cancer Hospital, Cairo, Egypt| Jiro (7101694224); Morais Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt| Jinal N. (55487302600); Yasuda Biological Prevention Department, Ministry of Defence, Cairo, Egypt| Jessica N. (57204496886); Bhiman King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia| Jerome (57732136800); Uwanibe Systems and Biomedical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt| Jennifer (26534803400); Nkurunziza Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Niger Delta University, Bayelsa State, Nigeria| Jennifer (56770160800); Musyoki PraesensBio, Lincoln, NE, United States| Jeffrey G. (55003210100); Giandhari Department of Medical Diagnostics, Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana| Jean-Michel (8080476100); Shaffer Ifakara Health Insitute, Ifakara, Tanzania| Jean-Jacques M. (25638082500); Heraud Laboratorio de Investigaciones de Baney, Baney, Equatorial Guinea| Jean-Claude C. (57224955209); Tamfum Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland| Janaki (57225988693); Makangara Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya| James (57358074600); Sonoo National Reference Laboratory Lesotho, Maseru, Lesotho| Jacqueline Wemboo (57951940800); Ayei Next Generation Sequencing Unit, Division of Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa| Iyaloo S. (57189044179); Afiwa Halatoko Zoonotic Arbo and Respiratory Virus Program, Centre for Viral Zoonoses, Department of Medical Virology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa| Isatta (8516350800); Konstantinus Eastern Technical University of Sierra Leone, Kenema, Sierra Leone| Isaac (18838405400); Wurie Ministry of Health and Wellness, Gaborone, Botswana| Muhammad I. (57733160100); Ssewanyana Biomedical Informatics and Chemoinformatics Group, Informatics and Systems Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt| Ilhem Boutiba-Ben (57224959579); Ahmed Laboratory of Microbiology, University Hospital of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia| Ikponmwosa (55370880500); Boubaker Laboratory of Transmissible Diseases and Biologically Active Substances (LR99ES27), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia| Ifedayo M.O. (13609887500); Odia National Health Laboratory, Gaborone, Botswana| Idowu B. (57218631081); Adetifa Public Health Institute of Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi| Ibtihel (36477736900); Olawoye Zambia National Public Health Institute, Lusaka, Zambia| Hugo (57201189063); Smeti Instituto Nacional de Saúde Pública, Praia, Cape Verde| Hota (57917773200); Kavunga-Membo Botswana Institute for Technology Research and Innovation, Gaborone, Botswana| Hlanai (56455230400); Mathieu Pasteur Network, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France| Hesham (57224951389); Gumbo Faculty of Medicine, University of Burundi, Bujumbura, Burundi| Herve (57952808200); Elgahzaly WHO South Sudan, Juba, South Sudan| Henda (56259534400); Albéric Adje Kadjo Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Unaí, Brazil| Hellen (57194607733); Triki Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil| Hela (6602562438); Nansumba Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States| Haruka (57731660200); Karray Departamento de Bioquímica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Agostinho Neto, Luanda, Angola| Harris (57204956110); Abe Grupo de Investigação Microbiana e Imunológica, Instituto Nacional de Investigação em Saúde (National Institute for Health Research), Luanda, Angola| Hannah E. (53866852000); Onywera WHO Burundi, Gitega, Burundi| Hafaliana C. (55568980300); Omunakwe Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States| Gugu P. (24468382900); Ranaivoson Virology/Molecular Biology Department, Central Health Laboratory, Victoria Hospital, Ministry of Health and Wellness, Port Louis, Mauritius| Grit (57226791783); Maphalala National Institute of Hygiene, Lomé, Togo| Grace S. (36110148900); Schubert Namibia Institute of Pathology, Windhoek, Namibia| Gordon A. (56962760600); Kpeli College of Medicine and Allied Health Science, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone| Gert U. (6602148482); Awandare University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Research Laboratory LR99ES09, Tunis, Tunisia| George O. (57732160100); van Zyl Charles Nicolle Hospital, Laboratory of Microbiology, National Influenza Center, Tunis, Tunisia| Gemma L. (56396241400); Akpede Department of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom| Gaetan (55747815300); Kay Doctoral School of Technical and Environmental Sciences, Department of Biology and Human Health, N’Djamena, Chad| Gabriel K. (57224955786); Thilliez Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams Research Institute (MASRI), Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt| Fred-Akintunwa (57732661000); Mbunsu Institut Pasteur de Côte d’Ivoire, Departement des Virus Epidemiques, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire| Fred A. (57322932800); Iyanu Central Public Health Laboratories (CPHL), Kampala, Uganda| Frank E.Z. (57917731400); Dratibi CHU Habib Bourguiba, Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia| Francisca M. (57214451379); Ragomzingba Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan| Francine (7004125689); Muyembe Satellite Molecular Laboratory, Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria| Folarin (57322568900); Ntoumi Ministry of Health, COVID-19 Testing Laboratory, Mbabane, Swaziland| Florette (6506704387); Onikepe Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, PMB 31, Ho, Ghana| Fehintola V. (57204496695); Treurnicht UHAS COVID-19 Testing and Research Centre, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana| Fawzi (56624395600); Ajogbasile National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa| Faustinos T. (57222065150); Derrar Division of Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa| Fatma (57323405300); Takawira World Health Organization, Brazzaville, Congo| Fares (57170702600); Abdelmoula WHO Int Comoros, Moroni, Comoros| Fahn M. (56690489000); Wasfi Ministère de Santé Publique et de la Solidarité Nationale, Ndjamena, Chad| Fabian (6602340558); Taweh Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany| Eusebio (57917634800); Leendertz School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa| Etilé A. (56440194900); Manuel Department of Virology, National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa| Etienne (57216111585); Anoh National Influenza Centre, Institut Pasteur d’Algérie, Algiers, Algeria| Essia (55328969500); Simon-Loriere Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia| Eromon (57323051800); Belarbi National Public Health Reference Laboratory, National Public Health Institute of Liberia, Monrovia, Liberia| Enatha (57223831376); Philomena Direcção Nacional da Saúde Pública, Ministério da Saúde, Luanda, Angola| Emmanuel (57224959235); Mukantwari G5 Evolutionary Genomics of RNA Viruses, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France| Elhadi A. (57917652300); Lokilo Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany| El Bara (57917634700); Ahmed Rwanda National Reference Laboratory, Kigali, Rwanda| Edwine (36676955500); Ahmed Faculté de Médecine de Nouakchott, Nouakchott, Mauritania| Edwin (57322932700); Barasa INRSP, Nouakchott, Mauritania| Edward (57216884946); Shumba International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya| Edward O. (25640295500); Otieno Macha Research Trust, Choma, Zambia| Edith N. (57224950266); Abworo Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership and Botswana Harvard HIV Reference Laboratory, Gaborone, Botswana| Edidah M. (57223804859); Ngabana College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone| Edgar (29867577200); Ong’era Division of Virology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa| Eddy K. (57224824606); Simulundu PathCare Vermaak, South Africa| Ebenezer (55809727600); Lusamaki Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda| Dorcas W. (57669734900); Foster-Nyarko School of Life Sciences, Zeeman Institute for Systems Biology and Infectious Disease Epidemiology Research (SBIDER), University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom| Dorcas (55703795200); Wanjohi Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States| Donwilliams O. (57212340774); Maruapula Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States| Donald S. (57732159900); Omuoyo PATH, Lusaka, Zambia| Dominique (24460691700); Grant Institute of Lassa Fever Research and Control, Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Nigeria| Dominic S.Y. (14066963300); Goedhals West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana| Derek (57223824556); Amuzu Le Laboratoire National de Biologie Clinique et de Santé Publique (LNBCSP), Bangui, Central African Republic| Deogratius (36769305000); Tshiabuila Laboratoire des Arbovirus, Fièvres Hémorragiques virales, Virus Emergents et Zoonoses, Institut Pasteur de Bangui, Bangui, Central African Republic| David J. (7006232828); Ssemwanga Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria| David (57204943080); Nokes Centre for Human Virology and Genomics, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria| David A. (26029153500); Baker Faculty of Science and Techniques, University Marien Ngouabi, Brazzaville, Congo| Danny (56688937800); Rasmussen School of Public Health, Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya| Daniel (57205273365); Park UFR Sciences Médicales, Universite Alassane Ouattara, Bouake, Cote d'Ivoire| Daniel J. (57732910400); Mukadi-Bamuleka CHU de Bouaké, Laboratoire, Unité de Diagnostic des Virus des Fièvres Hémorragiques et Virus Émergents, Bouake, Cote d'Ivoire| Daniel B. (57731404700); Bridges SAMRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa| Cyril (57202799591); Lule University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, United States| Collins M. (57194286937); Erameh Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom| Clotaire D. (55744918000); Morang’a Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi| Chukwuma E. (56803796500); Rafaï National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Cape Town, South Africa| Grace C. (57952806400); Omoruyi Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar| Christophe (6602085912); Chukwa Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States| Christian N. (57732910300); Peyrefitte Seychelles Public Health Laboratory, Public Health Authority, Ministry of Health Seychelles, Victoria, Seychelles| Chikwe (8523824200); Malaka Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana| Chika K. (15045462100); Ihekweazu Africa CDC, Rapid Responder, Team Djibouti, Djibouti, Djibouti| Cheikh (52163876100); Onwuamah National Medical and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Djibouti| Chastel M. (57917692000); Loucoubar African Society for Laboratory Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia| Charles N. (36489084300); Mapanguy National HIV Reference Laboratory, Community Health Sciences Unit, Ministry of Health, Lilongwe, Malawi| Chantal G. (55908558300); Agoti Département de Parasitologie-Mycologie Université des Sciences de la Santé (USS), Libreville, Gabon| Cathrine (56606058200); Akoua-Koffi Centre Interdisciplinaires de Recherches Medicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon| Catherine B. (24338944400); Scheepers Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B. 1069, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria| Catherine (56880283100); Pratt Department of Immunology, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, P.M.B. 1414, Nigeria| Cassien (57917712500); Anscombe Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone| Carolyn (57203037937); Nduwimana Viral Haemorrhagic Fever Laboratory, Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone| Cara (56471393100); Williamson Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana| Bronwyn (57221440779); Brook Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kumasi, Ghana| Brigitte (57668743400); McInnis Marien Ngouabi, Brazzaville, Congo| Bright (54792622600); Pool Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Médicale, Brazzaville, Congo| Bourema (55879702000); Adu Research Laboratory “Virus, Vectors and Hosts: One Health Apporach and Technological Innovation for a Better Health”, LR20IPT02, Pasteur Institute, Tunis, 1002, Tunisia| Bouh Abdi (50361554400); Kouriba Laboratory of Clinical Virology, WHO Reference Laboratory for Poliomyelitis and Measles in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar (UTM), Tunis, 1002, Tunisia| Blessing T. (57731660100); Khaireh Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States| Berthe-Marie (8633571100); Marondera Laboratoire des Fièvres Hémorragiques Virales du Benin, Cotonou, Benin| Bernard (7801350387); Njanpop-Lafourcade National Institute of Public Health, Bujumbura, Burundi| Bernard (57917691900); Mvula Central Public Health Laboratories (CPHL), Cairo, Egypt| Benjamin (25961212700); Lekana-Douki Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates| Belinda L. (7006516797); Tsofa University Clinical Research Center (UCRC), University of Sciences, Techniques and Technology of Bamako, Bamako, Mali| Bassirou (57731882300); Herring TransVIHMI, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Montpellier University, Montpellier, 34090, France| Bankole (57323051700); Diarra Centre de Recherche et de Formation en Infectiologie de Guinée (CERFIG), Université de Conakry, Conakry, Guinea| Bamidele S. (35102892300); Bolajoko Central Public Health Reference Laboratories, Freetown, Sierra Leone| Babatunde L. (6603885819); Oderinde Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom| Baba (57323051600); Salako SAMRC Bioinformatics Unit, SA Bioinformatics Institute, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa| Ayotunde E. (57732413000); Marycelin University Jean Piaget in Guinea-Bissau, Guinea-Bissau, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau| Ayoade (57323286000); Sijuwola Laboratório de Biologia Molecular Jean Piaget, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau| Augustine (57732412900); Femi Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer’s University, Osun State, Ede, Nigeria| Augustina A. (57219339731); Goba African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer’s University, Osun State, Ede, Nigeria| Arshad (57193741897); Sylverken Genomics and Epigenomics Program, Research Department CCHE57357, Cairo, Egypt| Armel L. (57222661336); Ismail Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia| Arisha (57317586700); Batchi-Bouyou Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre (NRC), Cairo, Egypt| Arash (57219981863); Maharaj National Microbiology Reference Laboratory, Harare, Zimbabwe| Anissa (8617331200); Iranzadeh Université de Kinshasa (UNIKIN), Kinshasa, Democratic Republic Congo| Anise N. (56971356200); Chouikha Pathogen Sequencing Lab, Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (INRB), Kinshasa, Democratic Republic Congo| Anika (57230918700); Happi The Pirbright Institute, Woking, United Kingdom| Anges (26642836500); Vinze Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Ilorin, Nigeria| Andrew J. (9736752200); Yadouleton Biorepository Clinical Virology Laboratory, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria| Anatole (57225882899); Page Medical Microbiology and Parasitology Department, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria| Ana V. (57201194073); Nkeshimana Infectious Disease Institute, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria| Amel (54796878800); Gutierrez Department of Virology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria| Ambrose (54879316100); Naguib Laboratoire de la Caisse Nationale de Sécurité Sociale, Djibouti| Amal (57214227987); Agweyu The Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria| Amal (57200442686); Souissi Center for Medical and Sanitary Research (CERMES), Niamey, Niger| Amadou (57209920150); Bouzid Libyan Biotechnology Research Center, Tripoli, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya| Alpha K. (54881387000); Kone National Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Juba, South Sudan| Allan (57732910100); Keita MRC Unit The Gambia at LSHTM, Fajara, Gambia| Alexander J. (57208601872); Campbell General Administration of Laboratories and Blood Banks, Ministry of Health, Kassala State, Sudan| Alan (6603321603); Trotter Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Gezira, Gezira, Sudan| Aladje (57206534362); Christoffels Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Kassala University, Kassala, Sudan| Kazeem (56925360700); Balde West African Health Organisation, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso| Ahmed (57731403500); Akano Bacteriology and Virology Department Souro Sanou University Hospital, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso|