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The conservation status of the world's reptiles
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Zug G. Instituto y Nucleo Zoologico ARCO, E-04200 Tabernas, Spain| Zhou K. Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (U.N.A.M.), Mexico| Zamin T. School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia| Wren S. Biology Department, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon| Wilson B. IUCN SSC Crocodile Specialist Group, United States| Wilkinson J. Ohio Center for Ecology and Evolutionary Studies, Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, 107 Irvine Hall, Athens, OH 45701, United States| Wiewandt T. Institute of Ecology and Systematics, La Habana, Cuba| Whiting M.J. Museum für Naturkunde, Humboldt University, Invalidenstr. 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany| Werner Y.L. Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-290 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil| Wearn O.R. Museo de Biologia, Facultad Experimental de Ciencias, La Universidad del Zulia, Apartado postal 526, Maracaibo 4011, Estado Zulia, Venezuela| Vogt R.C. 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Ch. du Bosquet 6, 1967 Bramois, Switzerland| Schmidt B.R. Museo Tridentino di Scienze Naturali, Via Calepina 14, 38122 Trento, Italy| Schleich H.H. Instituto Tecnológico de Huejutla, Carr. Huejutla-Chalahuiyapa A.P. 94, Huejutla de Reyes, Hidalgo 43000, Mexico| Santos-Barrera G. School of Environmental Sciences and Development, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa| Sanders K. Smithsonian Institution Research Associate, United States| Sadek R. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Parkside, Kenosha, WI 53141, United States| Ross J.P. Wildlife Trust for India(WTI), Species Recovery Program, India| Roosenburg W.M. Zoological Survey of India, North Eastern Regional Centre, Fruit Garden, Risa Colony, Shillong 793 003, Meghalaya, India| Rodríguez Schettino L. BIOGES, University of Las Palmas, 35001 Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain| Rödel M.-O. Fonoteca Zoológica, Dept Biodiversidad y Biologia Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), José Gutierrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain| da Rocha P.L.B. Laboratório de Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brazil 1500, São Paulo, SP 05503-900, Brazil| Rivas G. School of Animal Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, P.O. Wits 2050, South Africa| Riservato E. Museum of Natural History, Route de Malagnou 1, 1208 Geneva, Switzerland| Rico E.L. School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Deiniol Road, Bangor LL57 2UW, United Kingdom| Richman N. Center for Population Biology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States| Reynolds R. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Av. André Araújo 2936, Aleixo, CEP 69083-000 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil| Raxworthy C. Department of Biology, Merritt College, 12500 Campus Drive, Oakland, CA 94619, United States| Rasmussen A.R. Natural History Museum of Crete, University of Crete, 71409 Irakleio, Greece| Ramer J. Staatliche Naturhistorische Sammlungen Dresden, Museum für Tierkunde, Königsbrücker Landstr. 159, D-01109 Dresden, Germany| Radder R. ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia| Quintero Díaz G.E. University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States| Pupin F. Centre of Environmental Studies Demetra, Via Olona 7, 00198 Roma, Italy| Powell R. Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico| Ponce-Campos P. Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom| Pollock C. WildScreen, Ground Floor, The Rackhay, Queen Charlotte Street, Bristol BS1 4HJ, United Kingdom| Pleguezuelos J. Environment and Resource Science Division, Department of Environment and Resource Management, Australia| Pianka E.R. Illinois Wesleyan University, Bloomington, IL 61702-2900, United States| Pérez-Mellado V. Global Viral Forecasting Initiative, Cameroon| Pérez-Buitrago N. Zoo Atlanta, 800 Cherokee Avenue, SE Atlanta, GA 30315, United States| Pauwels O.S.G. Universidad Autonoma de Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua, Mexico| Passos P. WWF - Hong Kong, Hong Kong| Pasachnik S. Australian Freshwater Turtle Conservation and Research Association (AFTCRA Inc.), 53 Jubilee Road, Carters Ridge, Qld, Australia| Papenfuss T. Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States| Ottenwalder J. Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia| Ota H. University of Texas at Tyler, 3900 University Blvd., Tyler, TX 75799, United States| Orlov N. Laboratorio de Biogeografía, Escuela de Geografía, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Ambientales, Universidad de Los Andes, Apartado Postal 116, Merida 5101-A, Venezuela| Núñez H. Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Zoologie, Rosenstein 1, D-70191 Stuttgart, Germany| Nogueira C. Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Education, Department of Biology, Buca, Izmir, Turkey| Nilson G. School of Animal Biology, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, WA 6009, Australia| Nguyen T.Q. Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany| Murphy J. Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia| Muñoz-Alonso A. Department of Zoology, Section of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100 Bornova/Izmir, Turkey| Mott T. Pamukkale University, Department of Biology, Denizli, Turkey| Morato S.A.A. Bohol Island State University, Bohol, Philippines| Montgomery C. State Natural History Museum (Staatliches Naturhistorisches Museum), Pockelsstr. 10, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany| Milton D.A. School of Environment Natural Resources and Geography, Bangor University, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, United Kingdom| Métrailler S. Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NR, United Kingdom| Menegon M. Madagasikara Voakajy, B.P. 5181, Antananarivo, Madagascar| Mendoza-Quijano F. Center for Advanced Studies in Ecology and Biodiversity (CASEB), Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile| Measey G.J. Department of Biology, Earlham College, Richmond, IN 47374, United States| McCranie J.R. Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR CNRS 7205 (Origine Structure et Evolution de la Biodiversite), Departement Systematique et Evolution, CP 30, 25 rue Cuvier, F-75005 Paris, France| Mayer G. South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia| Mathews N. Department of Herpetology, San Diego Natural History Museum, P.O. Box 121390, San Diego, CA 92112, United States| Mathew R. Department of Conservation, P.O. Box 10-420, Wellington 6143, New Zealand| Mateo J.A. Species Programme, IUCN, 219c Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, United Kingdom| Masterson G. University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa| Martins M. Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States| Márquez R. Department of Zoology, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand| Marques O.A.V. Division of Amphibian and Reptiles, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, United States| Maritz B. Yibin University, Sichuan, China| Mariaux J. Istituto per le Piante da Legno e l'Ambiente, Corso Casale 476, I-10132 Torino, Italy| Malhotra A. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968, United States| Mahler D.L. San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation Research, 15600 San Pasqual Valley Road, Escondido, CA 92027, United States| Magnusson W.E. Department of Zoology, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom| Macey R. Edward Grey Institute for Field Ornithology, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, United Kingdom| Lymberakis P. Whittier College, Department of Biology, Whittier, CA 90608, United States| Lundberg M. Nature Protection Trust of Seychelles, 133 Cherry Hinton Road, Cambridge CB1 7BX, United Kingdom| Lukoschek V. Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia| Luiselli L. EPHE-UMR5175, Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier edex 5, France| López-Luna M.A. GeoBio Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, 80333 München, Germany| Lobo A.S. Biology Department, University of San Carlos, Cebu, Philippines| Lipczynski N. Museo de Zoologìa, UNELLEZ, Guanare, Venezuela| Limpus D. Department of Natural Resources, Puerto Rico| Lehr E. Chennai Snake Park, Rajbhavan post, Chennai 600 022, Tamil Nadu, India| LeBreton M. University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States| Lawson D. Instituto de Ecología A. C., Chihuahua 31109, Chihuahua, Mexico| Lavin P. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th St., New York, NY 10024, United States| Lau M. Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Rio Tinto, PB, Brazil| Latta G. Museo de Zoologia, Fac. De Cienicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (U.N.A.M.), Mexico| Latta C. Texas A and M University, 210 Nagle Hall, College Station, TX 77843-2258, United States| Lardner B. Xuzhou Normal University, Jiangsu Province, China| Lane A. Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 416, Chengdu, Sichuan, China| Lamar W. Karumbe, D. Murillo 6334, Montevideo, Uruguay| La Marca E. Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge, CA 91330-8303, United States| Kwet A. Fundacion Amigos de la Naturaleza, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia| Kumlutaş Y. Université Cadi Ayyad, Département de Biologie, BP 2390, Marrakech, Morocco| Kuchling G. Department of Economic Development Environment and Tourism, P. Bag X 9484, Polokwane 0700, Limpopo, South Africa| Köhler G. Laboratório de Zoologia de Vertebrados, Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro (LAZOVERTE - UERJ), Brazil| Keogh J.S. Department of Biology, Davidson College, Davidson, NC 28035-7118, United States| Kaya U. Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States| Kaska Y. Department of Biology, Central Connecticut State University, New Britain, CT 06050, United States| Jose R. Reptile and Animal Presentation, Neukirchstr. 37a, 13089 Berlin, Germany| Joger U. Herpetology Department, Philippine National Museum, Padre Burgos St., Manila, Philippines| Jenkins R. Amphibian Specialist Group IUCN SSC Working Group, Sri Lanka| Jaksic F.M. Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Mihintale, Sri Lanka| Iverson J. Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia| Ineich I. Care Earth Trust, No 5, 21st Street, Thillaiganganagar, Chennai 600 061, India| Hutchinson M. Fauna and Flora International, Jupiter House, Station Road, Cambridge CB1 2JD, United Kingdom| Hollingsworth B. INIBIOMA (CONICET-UNComa), Quintral 1250, (8400) Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina| Hitchmough R. Department of Biological Sciences, Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, LA 70402, United States| Hilton-Taylor C. Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of NiŠ and IBISS Beograd, Serbia| Heideman N. Queensland Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, Southern Fisheries Centre, PO Box 76, Deception 4508, Qld, Australia| Hedges S.B. Biodiversity Program, Queensland Museum, Po Box 3300, South Bank, Brisbane, Qld 4101, Australia| Hare K. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal-RN, Brazil| Hamilton A.M. Museo di Storia Naturale dell'Università di Firenze, Sezione di Zoologia La Specola, Italy| Guo P. Australian Museum, 6 College Street, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia| Grieco C. University Ovidius Constanta, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Romania| Greenbaum E. Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales Calle Diego de Robles y Via Interoceanica, Campus Cumbaya, edif. Darwin Casilla Postal 17-12-841, DW-010A. Quito, Ecuador| Grant T. CNRS-UMR5175, Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier edex 5, France| Gower D.J. Allan Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand| Gonzalez J.C.T. School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Vic. 3800, Australia| Goldberg S. Instituto Tecnológico de Chetumal, Col. David Gustavo Gtz. Av. Insurgentes No. 330, C.P. 77013 Chetumal, Quintana Roo, Mexico| Gerlach J. University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3160, United States| Georges A. Departamento de Biología, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia| Geniez P. Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States| Gaulke M. Laboratorio de Sistemática de Vertebrados e Historia Natural, Instituto de Ecología y Ciencias Ambientales, Facultad de Ciencias (UDELAR) and Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Montevideo, Uruguay| Gatus J. 3/1 Boat Club Road, Pune 411 001, Maharashtra, India| García-Pérez J.E. Guana Tolomato Matanzas National Estuarine Research Reserve, Ponte Vedra, FL 32082, United States| Garcia M.A. University of Kansas Natural History Museum and Biodiversity Institute, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Dyche Hall, 1345 Jayhawk Blvd, Lawrence, KS 66045-7593, United States| Ganesh S.R. Department of Herpetology, Natural History Museum of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box 240, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe| Gamble T. Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig (ZFMK), Adenauerallee 160, 53113 Bonn, Germany| Gadsden H. Mampam Conservation, Glossop, United Kingdom| Frost D. Department of Biology, Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, PA 19085, United States| França F.G.R. Department of the Environment, Mato Grosso, Brazil| Flores-Villela O. Department of Herpetology, National Museum, Po Box 266, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa| Fitzgerald L. Katerniaghat Foundation, C-421 Sector-B, Mahanagar, Lucknow 226 006, India| Feng Z.-J. Fundación Andígena, Po Box 210, Mérida 5101-A, Mérida, Venezuela| Feng X. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - Instituto de Biociências, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, Agronomia, 91-540-000 Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil| Fallabrino A. Wetlands Institute, 1075 Stone Harbor Blvd., Stone Harbor, NJ 08247, United States| Espinoza R.E. Texas A and M University System, AgriLIFE Research, Blackland Research and Extension Center, 720 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502, United States| Embert D. Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Biology, Aydin, Turkey| El Mouden E.H. Department of Biological Sciences, Museum of Natural Science, Louisiana State University, 119 Foster Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803-3216, United States| Egan V.T. Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Conservation Biology, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany| Duarte de Barros Filho J. Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 42494, São Paulo 04218-170, Brazil| Dorcas M.E. Organización Zootropic, General Projects, 12 Calle 1-25, Zona 10, Edificio Geminis 10, Guatemala 1001, Guatemala| Doody J.S. Nordens Ark, Åby säteri, SE-456 93 Hunnebostrand, Sweden| Dodd C.K. University of the Pacific, 3601 Pacific Avenue, Stockton, CA 95211, United States| Doan T.M. Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab. 1, St. Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation| Dirksen L. Bishop Museum, 1525 Bernice Street, Honolulu, HI 96817, United States| Diesmos A.C. Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociencias, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-090 São Paulo, SP, Brazil| de Silva A. Doĝa Derneĝi (Nature Association), Hürriyet cad. 43/12 Dikmen, Ankara, Turkey| Das I. Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia, Dr Ivana Ribara 91, 11070 Belgrade, Serbia| Daniels R.J.R. 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United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, 219 Huntington Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, United Kingdom| Corti C. IUCN Species Survival Commission, Rue Mauverney 28, 1196 Gland, Switzerland| Cogger H. Chelonian Research Foundation, 168 Goodrich St., Lunenburg, MA 01462, United States| Cogalniceanu D. Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Graham Kerr Building, Glasgow, Scotland G12 8QQ, United Kingdom| Cisneros-Heredia D.F. IUCN SSC Species Survival Commission, C/o United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, United Kingdom| Cheylan M. NatureServe, 746 Middlepoint Road, Port Townsend, WA 98368, United States| Chapple D.G. IUCN - CI Biodiversity Assessment Unit, C/o 130 Weatherall Road, Cheltenham 3192, Vic., Australia| Cedeño-Vázquez J.R. Species Programme, IUCN, Rue Mauverney 28, 1196 Gland, Switzerland| Catenazzi A. IUCN - CI Biodiversity Assessment Unit, Conservation International, 2011 Crystal Drive Ste 500, Arlington, VA 22202, United States| Castro F. Conservation Programmes, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London NW1 4RY, United Kingdom|
Biological Conservation Số , năm 2013 (Tập 157, trang 372-385)
DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2012.07.015
Tài liệu thuộc danh mục: ISI, Scopus
Biol. Conserv.
English
Từ khóa: conservation status; environmental policy; extinction risk; habitat loss; lizard; Red List; snake; spatial distribution; species diversity; taxonomy; turtle; Central Africa; Southeast Asia; Reptilia; Serpentes; Squamata; Testudines
Tóm tắt tiếng anh
Effective and targeted conservation action requires detailed information about species, their distribution, systematics and ecology as well as the distribution of threat processes which affect them. Knowledge of reptilian diversity remains surprisingly disparate, and innovative means of gaining rapid insight into the status of reptiles are needed in order to highlight urgent conservation cases and inform environmental policy with appropriate biodiversity information in a timely manner. We present the first ever global analysis of extinction risk in reptiles, based on a random representative sample of 1500 species (16% of all currently known species). To our knowledge, our results provide the first analysis of the global conservation status and distribution patterns of reptiles and the threats affecting them, highlighting conservation priorities and knowledge gaps which need to be addressed urgently to ensure the continued survival of the world's reptiles. Nearly one in five reptilian species are threatened with extinction, with another one in five species classed as Data Deficient. The proportion of threatened reptile species is highest in freshwater environments, tropical regions and on oceanic islands, while data deficiency was highest in tropical areas, such as Central Africa and Southeast Asia, and among fossorial reptiles. Our results emphasise the need for research attention to be focussed on tropical areas which are experiencing the most dramatic rates of habitat loss, on fossorial reptiles for which there is a chronic lack of data, and on certain taxa such as snakes for which extinction risk may currently be underestimated due to lack of population information. Conservation actions specifically need to mitigate the effects of human-induced habitat loss and harvesting, which are the predominant threats to reptiles. 2012 Elsevier Ltd.